Juneteenth History

History of Juneteenth

Overview of Juneteenth

Juneteenth is the oldest nationally celebrated commemoration of the ending of slavery in the United States. Dating back to 1865, it was on June 19th that the Union soldiers, led by Major General Gordon Granger, landed at Galveston, Texas with news that the war had ended and that the enslaved were now free. Note that this was two and a half years after President Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation – which had become official January 1, 1863. The Emancipation Proclamation had little impact on the Texans due to the minimal number of Union troops to enforce the new Executive Order. However, with the surrender of General Lee in April of 1865, and the arrival of General Granger’s regiment, the forces were finally strong enough to influence and overcome the resistance.

Later attempts to explain this two and a half year delay in the receipt of this important news have yielded several versions that have been handed down through the years. Often told is the story of a messenger who was murdered on his way to Texas with the news of freedom. Another is that the news was deliberately withheld by the enslavers to maintain the labor force on the plantations. And still another is that federal troops actually waited for the slave owners to reap the benefits of one last cotton harvest before going to Texas to enforce the Emancipation Proclamation. All of which, or none of these versions could be true. Certainly, for some, President Lincoln’s authority over the rebellious states was in question. Whatever the reasons, conditions in Texas remained status quo well beyond what was statutory.

HISTORY OF JUNETEENTH – Original content by JUNETEENTH.com

What is Juneteenth?

Juneteenth commemorates June 19, 1865, the day Union soldiers arrived in Galveston, Texas, to announce that enslaved African Americans were free—more than two years after the Emancipation Proclamation had been issued.

This delay reveals a critical truth:

Freedom declared was not freedom delivered.

Why Was Freedom Delayed?

The delay in emancipation enforcement was caused by:

  • Limited Union military presence in remote regions

  • Resistance from enslavers

  • Lack of communication infrastructure

  • Intentional withholding of information

Juneteenth represents the moment truth could no longer be denied.

The Meaning of Juneteenth Today

Juneteenth is both a celebration and a call to reflection. It represents:

  • Freedom and resilience

  • The importance of education and awareness

  • The ongoing pursuit of equity and justice

  • Community strength and cultural pride

It reminds us that progress requires knowledge, accountability, and collective effort.

Juneteenth in South Carolina & the Upstate

While Juneteenth began in Texas, its meaning resonates deeply throughout the South, including South Carolina. Local African American communities have long preserved stories of resilience, faith, and perseverance, stories that continue to shape Spartanburg today.

Spartanburg Juneteenth Inc. works to connect national history with local experience, ensuring these stories are not lost.

Why We Teach Juneteenth

Understanding Juneteenth is essential to understanding American history.

By teaching Juneteenth, we:

  • Honor those who endured slavery

  • Recognize delayed justice

  • Empower future generations through truth

  • Promote unity through shared understanding

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